Compact form and layout
A simple, compact form can reduce the area of external partitions in relation to the volume, which makes it easier to achieve favourable energy parameters. The solution should, however, respond to functional needs, the conditions of the plot and the architectural assumptions.
Orientation and daylight
The position of the house, the windows and the rooms affects daylighting, solar gains and thermal comfort. Large glazing can improve contact with the garden and access to light, but it requires suitable parameters, shading and solutions that limit overheating in summer.
Insulation and airtightness
Well-designed partitions, limiting thermal bridges and careful execution help reduce energy losses. What matters is not only choosing the materials, but also correctly connecting all the elements of the building.
Installations and heat source
The system for heating, domestic hot water, ventilation and possible cooling should be chosen to suit the characteristics of the building and the way it is used. It is worth comparing investment, running and service costs and the available energy sources, instead of being guided solely by the price of the equipment.
Initial cost vs. long-term cost
A solution that is more expensive at the construction stage may bring savings in use, but this is not a rule. Decisions are best made on the basis of calculations and a comparison of variants, taking into account the costs of purchase, installation, servicing and expected operation.
What to agree with the architect?
Already at the concept stage, discuss the orientation of the building, the layout of the rooms, the glazing, the insulation standard and the installation assumptions. Energy efficiency depends both on the design and on the quality of execution and later use.